'On Killing: The Psychological Cost of Learning to Kill in War and Society' book reviews
"On Killing: The Psychological Cost of Learning to Kill in War and Society" by Lt. Col. Dave Grossman is a deeply engaging and thought-provoking exploration of the psychological impact of killing on soldiers and society at large. Grossman, a former psychology professor at West Point and a retired lieutenant colonel in the U.S. Army, uses his experience and extensive research to delve into the complex and often overlooked aspects of warfare and human behavior.
The book begins by examining the natural aversion humans have towards killing their own kind. Grossman references historical data and studies to illustrate that, contrary to popular belief, most soldiers in past conflicts were actually reluctant to kill. For instance, he cites World War II studies revealing that only 15-20% of riflemen fired their weapons at the enemy when given the opportunity. This statistic sets the stage for understanding the psychological mechanisms and training methods developed to overcome this resistance.
Grossman introduces the concept of "killology," a term he coined to describe the study of the processes and effects of killing. He discusses how military training techniques have evolved to increase firing rates, emphasizing conditioning and desensitization. By simulating combat scenarios and using realistic targets, soldiers are trained to bypass their natural hesitation. This section of the book is particularly compelling as it sheds light on the methods used to transform ordinary individuals into effective combatants.
However, the transformation comes at a significant psychological cost. Grossman delves into the emotional and mental aftermath of killing, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), guilt, and moral injury. He provides numerous case studies and personal anecdotes from veterans, illustrating the long-term effects of their experiences. The author does not shy away from the harrowing details, making this part of the book both poignant and heart-wrenching.
Another critical aspect Grossman addresses is the societal implications of desensitization to violence. He draws parallels between military conditioning and the pervasive violence in media, suggesting that exposure to violent video games and movies could have similar effects on civilians, particularly children. This controversial viewpoint is sure to spark debate, but Grossman presents his arguments with thorough research and a compelling narrative.
The book also touches on the moral and ethical considerations of killing in combat. Grossman discusses the concept of "just war" and the rules of engagement, providing a framework for understanding the moral dilemmas faced by soldiers. He argues for the importance of leadership, training, and support systems in mitigating the psychological impact of killing.
"On Killing" is not just a book for military professionals or psychologists; it is a crucial read for anyone interested in understanding the deeper ramifications of violence and warfare. Grossman's writing is both accessible and authoritative, making complex psychological concepts understandable without oversimplifying them. His balanced approach, combining empirical research with personal stories, ensures that the book is informative and emotionally resonant.
In conclusion, "On Killing: The Psychological Cost of Learning to Kill in War and Society" is a seminal work that offers valuable insights into the human psyche and the consequences of violence. Grossman's meticulous research and compassionate perspective make this a must-read for those seeking to understand the true cost of war. It challenges readers to think critically about the ways in which society prepares individuals for combat and the long-lasting impact that these experiences have on their lives.
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